“Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen six, result happiness.
Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pound ought and six, result misery.”
Charles Dickens, in his 1849 novel David Copperfield, provides us all with an apt Profit and Loss Statement, income and expenditure recorded and the result analysed.
Your pub business is like any other it will make a profit or a loss depending on two factors – income and expenditure.
I have provided many examples on this website on how to improve sales and control costs (and many others will provide similar information) but for many pub businesses knowing what targets you should aim for in cost control is less clear.
On July 4th 2011 the Association of Licensed Multiple Retailers (ALMR) announced the publishing of its annual Benchmark Survey Report in which it details its findings on such things as sales, costs, capital expenditure etc amongst its members. The survey taken in October 2010 coincides quite nicely with a report from a well known licensed trade accountancy firm.
Between them they provide an insight into what pubs in certain sectors are achieving in terms of profitability based on the profit and loss information on a virtually identical number of sites so comparisons (whilst usually odious) should be valid.
The ALMR report suggests that the average cost of running a pub (out of the 699 pubs surveyed) is 47.1% of annual turnover in freeholds and 44.9% in tenancies and leasehold pubs (excluding rent and cost of sales). Add the 11.4% of turnover that represents rent and this means non-freehold pubs have to give over 55% of their turnover to running the pub (although this includes a figure of 7.2% for tenant’s drawings), which nets out to 47.8%.
The accountancy firm gives the following analysis of some 701 pubs (no detail is given of whether they are tied or free of tie) for three levels of trading, under £3,000 per week, £3,000 to £5,999 per week and those over £6,000 per week. Average cost of running these pubs is 46.8%, including rent at 9.22%.
Analysing their results using an average of all their averages (i.e. different levels of turnovers etc) the results would appear quite encouraging:
| Detail | weekly | | Annual | | % of sales |
| Wet | £ 4,219 | | £219,388 | | 70.16% |
| Dry | £ 1,319 | | £ 68,605 | | 21.94% |
| Accommodation | £ 475 | | £ 24,700 | | 7.90% |
| Total | £ 6,013 | | £312,693 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Cost Wet Sales | £ 1,715 | | £ 89,162 | | |
| Cost Dry Sales | £ 535 | | £ 27,812 | | |
| Total Costs of Sales | £ 2,249 | | £116,974 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Gross Margin | | | | | Gross Margin % |
| GP Wet | £ 2,504 | | £130,226 | | 59.36% |
| GP Dry | £ 784 | | £ 40,794 | | 59.46% |
| Total Margin | £ 3,289 | | £171,019 | | 59.38% |
| | | | | | |
| Gross Profit | £ 3,764 | | £195,719 | | 62.59% |
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| Overheads | | | | | % of t/over |
| Rent | £ 620 | | £ 32,245 | | 10.31% |
| Electric | £ 123 | | £ 6,420 | | 2.05% |
| Gas | £ 87 | | £ 4,513 | | 1.44% |
| Wages | £ 1,051 | | £ 54,667 | | 17.48% |
| Other | £ 1,219 | | £ 63,404 | | 20.28% |
| | | | | | |
| Total overhead | £ 3,101 | | £161,248 | | 51.57% |
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| Profit/Loss | £ 663 | | £ 34,472 | | 11.02% |
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Assuming that the draught/bottled beers represent 70% of wet sales and an average price per pint of £2.70 this would be a MAT (Moving Annualised Total) barrelage of approximately 197.5.
Making the same assumptions as above the cost to tenant of a barrel of beer would be £338.60 or £206.92 for an 11 gallon keg.
Does any of this sound realistic, in terms of tied tenancies and leases? Is it really possible to make over £34,000 profit from a 200 barrel pub?
The answer is yes if the divisible profit is equitably split – the landlord charging rent at 10% and selling beer to tenants at £338 a barrel. This would mean somewhere in the region of £100 per barrel discount earned by the landlord being passed on to the tenant.
Yes, that is, if you also accept the premise that the provision of accommodation is akin to “getting money in for changing some sheets”. If this income is treated as “cost free” in these accounts then it accounts for 72% of the net profit of the business. For those pubs not able to provide this service it means net profit would be reduced to £9,772.
Put in the real price of beer, as evinced by contributors to the Publican’s Morning Advertiser forum, that beer is nearer £256 for a 22 gallon, this means the averaqe of all average pubs from these samples of the trade universe are making a loss of £6,735 a year … I bet that rings true!
Whilst these “benchmarks” may be of use in setting targets or as comparitors for your business you must remember that your business is unique and the trick is to closely examine all areas of income (to maximise them) and all areas of expenditure (to minimise them) in order to make the greatest profit from your endeavour.
